Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) of Processor

PROCESSORS

The ALU and control unit of a computer are combined into a single unit called the Central Processing Unit. The CPU is truly the "brain" of the computer because it combines the circuitry that generates all the control signals needed to execute an instruction with the circuitry that actually performs the operations called by the instructions.

ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU)

Arithmetic logic unit is the part of the computer where the actual processing takes place. ALU is capable of performing arithmetic. logical and data manipulation operations on binary numbers. The circuitry that performs these operations consists of logic circuits such as adders, subtractors, comparators, etc.

The ALU consists of logic circuitry that will perform operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square roots, exponentials, data manipulations (for example, shifting), comparisons and logical operations such as AND, OR etc. on the two binary numbers contained in the two input registers. Some or all of these operations are available in any computer depending on its sophistication and complexity. Small, cheap microcomputers have an ALU that can only do a few simple operations. However, through proper programming even these simple computers can be made to perform the more complex operations but at slow speed.
A typical ALU is shown in together with its associated registers. The two registers feed the two binary numbers on which the ALU will operate. These numbers are referred to as operands and the ALU operates on them in accordance with the control inputs coming from the control unit. For example, one operand is stored in the Data Buffer Register (B) and the other operand is stored in the Accumulator Register (A).
The control inputs determine what the ALU will do with these operands. The result of the operation appears at the ALU output and is then immediately transferred to the accumulator. In other words, the results of any ALU operations end up stored in accumulator.

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